1. Summarize the major points of interest about the earthquake in NZ including relevant photos and/or videos.
a. what caused the quake....geographical perspective
The earthquake is the product of a new fault line in the Earth’s crust that seismologists were previously unaware of.
b. where - epicentre and effected areas
The epicentre of the quake was christchurch and the quake effected only christchurch c. casualties
The death toll is up to 147 people dead. d. major damage
Most of the tall buildings and houses were damaged if not destroyed. e. current concerns
There are concerns for around 200 missing people f. Give a paragraph about your reactions to the events.
I think that the New Zealand earthquake was a tragedy and I am really shocked about how much damage it did. Although it is known that New Zealand can be hit by earthquakes it was unknown that there could be one in christchurch. This information can help people to get prepared for the future. I really feel sorry for the people affected.
2.Finish all the questions through 1.6
1. The difference between climate and weather is that Climate is the pattern of weather that is expected in a particular place as weather is the temperature and what whether or not it is raining, sunny, cloudy, snowing, hailing, etc.
2. latitude affects climate because the closer you are to the equator the smaller the area that needs to be heated so it is hotter.
3. Australia is dominated by high pressure with low pressure in the north during summer and in the south during winter.
4. The normal circulation pattern in the Pacific Ocean brings rain to Australia.
5. The influence of relief on climate As altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and retain heat.
6. a) the average climate stat can help farmers because they can take the average temperature and decide what crop can survive around the average climate stat.
b) The average climate stat can help an Australian Tourist to decide what to pack for there holiday to Australia
7. The relationship between climate and vegetation is that Australia has many different climate types and vegetation that is suited for the environment thrives. Australia has many climate types and therefore has a wide range of vegetation.
8. a) The average temperature for:
Darwin - 142.4 mm
Hobart - 47.4 mm
b)there may be some months that have heaps of rain e.g. during the winter and less rainfall e.g. during the summer.
9. a) alice springs
b) melbourne
Sunday, February 27, 2011
1.5 Questions
1. Australia has western plateau, the central lowlands and the eastern highlands
2. The Australian Alps stretch from the Brindabella Range north of Canberra to the Baw Baw Range east of Melbourne.
3. The Australia Alps are rounded in shape because it has been subjected to erosion and weathering over millions of years.
4. Uluru is located 335 kilometers south-west of Alice Springs
5. Uluru is a massive rock composed of red arkose, a coarse sandstone, that stands over 340 meters above the surrounding plans.
6. Uluru appears to change colour due to the way in which the sun's rays pass through the atmosphere.
7. A drainage basin is an area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
8. The largest drainage basins in Australia are the Murray– Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin
9. Murry River, Murrumbidgee River, Darling River
10. The Lake Eyre Basin water disappears in the Simpson Desert through evaporation.
11. It only flows a few days in a year.
12. The Franklin River flows from the Cheyne Range to the Gordon River in what is now the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage area. The river has become synonymous with conservation in Australia ever since the ‘Battle to Save the Franklin’ rescued it from damming for hydro-electric power in the 1980s.
13. The ruling was that saved the Franklin River was the ruling that stated that is was a landmark therefore making it a ruling both environmentally and constitutionally.
14. The Murray–Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) is preparing the plan which has been carefully thought out and they should maintain control over it. Within this plan they want to limits on the amount of water (both surface water and groundwater) that can be taken from Basin water resources on a sustainable basis, identification of risks to Basin water resources, such as climate change, and strategies to manage those risks and an environmental watering plan to optimise environmental outcomes for the Basin. Therefore, the MDBA should maintain control because they have this plan which is in the best interest of the Basin.
15. a) There area three major physical regions in Australia which include:the Western Plateau, the Central Lowlands and the Eastern Highlands. The Western Plateau is a low, flat area that has been eroded over a period of millions of years. The Central Lowlands are very dry because rainfall is blocked by the Eastern Highlands. The Simpson Desert, which extends for 170 000 square kilometres (km2), is in the Central Lowlands. This desert is famous for its large red sand dunes which run north-to-south. The Eastern Highlands region of Australia is the highest part of Australia, being a series of hills, mountains and plateaux. This area is also known as the Great Dividing Range, which is further subdivided into smaller ranges.
b) An example of each of the major Australian physical regions are: Western Plateau has Lake Carnegie, the Musgrave Ranges and the Gibson Desert, Central Lowlands has the Simpson Desert and Eastern Highlands has Mount Kosciuszko.
c) Mount Woodrotte is the highest point between Shark Bay and Maroochydore and the lowest point is Lake Eyre.
d) the highest range in The great sandy desert is bungle bungle range, the highest range in the great victorian desert is the Musgravel Ranges and the highest range in the Tanami desert is also bungle bungle range.
16. a) iii, iv and v
b) about 1000km
c) Cooper Creek
d) Sturt Stoney Desert
e) North West
2. The Australian Alps stretch from the Brindabella Range north of Canberra to the Baw Baw Range east of Melbourne.
3. The Australia Alps are rounded in shape because it has been subjected to erosion and weathering over millions of years.
4. Uluru is located 335 kilometers south-west of Alice Springs
5. Uluru is a massive rock composed of red arkose, a coarse sandstone, that stands over 340 meters above the surrounding plans.
6. Uluru appears to change colour due to the way in which the sun's rays pass through the atmosphere.
7. A drainage basin is an area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
8. The largest drainage basins in Australia are the Murray– Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin
9. Murry River, Murrumbidgee River, Darling River
10. The Lake Eyre Basin water disappears in the Simpson Desert through evaporation.
11. It only flows a few days in a year.
12. The Franklin River flows from the Cheyne Range to the Gordon River in what is now the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage area. The river has become synonymous with conservation in Australia ever since the ‘Battle to Save the Franklin’ rescued it from damming for hydro-electric power in the 1980s.
13. The ruling was that saved the Franklin River was the ruling that stated that is was a landmark therefore making it a ruling both environmentally and constitutionally.
14. The Murray–Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) is preparing the plan which has been carefully thought out and they should maintain control over it. Within this plan they want to limits on the amount of water (both surface water and groundwater) that can be taken from Basin water resources on a sustainable basis, identification of risks to Basin water resources, such as climate change, and strategies to manage those risks and an environmental watering plan to optimise environmental outcomes for the Basin. Therefore, the MDBA should maintain control because they have this plan which is in the best interest of the Basin.
15. a) There area three major physical regions in Australia which include:the Western Plateau, the Central Lowlands and the Eastern Highlands. The Western Plateau is a low, flat area that has been eroded over a period of millions of years. The Central Lowlands are very dry because rainfall is blocked by the Eastern Highlands. The Simpson Desert, which extends for 170 000 square kilometres (km2), is in the Central Lowlands. This desert is famous for its large red sand dunes which run north-to-south. The Eastern Highlands region of Australia is the highest part of Australia, being a series of hills, mountains and plateaux. This area is also known as the Great Dividing Range, which is further subdivided into smaller ranges.
b) An example of each of the major Australian physical regions are: Western Plateau has Lake Carnegie, the Musgrave Ranges and the Gibson Desert, Central Lowlands has the Simpson Desert and Eastern Highlands has Mount Kosciuszko.
c) Mount Woodrotte is the highest point between Shark Bay and Maroochydore and the lowest point is Lake Eyre.
d) the highest range in The great sandy desert is bungle bungle range, the highest range in the great victorian desert is the Musgravel Ranges and the highest range in the Tanami desert is also bungle bungle range.
16. a) iii, iv and v
b) about 1000km
c) Cooper Creek
d) Sturt Stoney Desert
e) North West
Thursday, February 24, 2011
1.4 Questions
1. Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents.
2. Convection currents
3. The name of the super continent that existed one billion years ago was Rodina.
4. Pangaea existed 750 million years ago.
5. South America, Africa, Asia (India), Antarctica and Australia
6. Australia is moving North and is moving at a rate of 5cm per year.
7. Australia's desert landscape is less than 1, 000, 000 years old
8. The main age of erosion is Australia is the aridity water in the Australian rivers.
9. The study of landforms
10. A geomorphologist studies landforms to determine the processors that form and transform them.
2. Convection currents
3. The name of the super continent that existed one billion years ago was Rodina.
4. Pangaea existed 750 million years ago.
5. South America, Africa, Asia (India), Antarctica and Australia
6. Australia is moving North and is moving at a rate of 5cm per year.
7. Australia's desert landscape is less than 1, 000, 000 years old
8. The main age of erosion is Australia is the aridity water in the Australian rivers.
9. The study of landforms
10. A geomorphologist studies landforms to determine the processors that form and transform them.
1.3 Questions
1. How old is Australian Aboriginal culture?
50 000 years old
2. What is the Dreamtime?
The dreamtime refers to the ‘time before time’ when all things were created by the spiritual ancestors.
3. What are Dreaming stories?
Dreaming stories contain valuable lessons about how to survive, where to find food and water, and how to avoid danger.
4. How is Aboriginal knowledge passed on?
Aboriginal knowledge is passed on by elders in stories, music and art.
5. What do the Aboriginal people mean by ‘country’?
‘Country’ when used by Aboriginal people, refers to a spiritual place that gives and receives life, and has its own consciousness.
6. Why is the Rainbow Serpent significant?
The rainbow serpent is important because it is seen as the mother of all aboriginal tribes and the creature of the world in Aboriginal culture.
7. How did the Rainbow Serpent form the landscape?
The rainbow serpent travelled all over the land, forming mountain and deep channels with her body. Great rains filled the ranges and deep channels where her body wound its way. The places she did not travel remained flat and became the deserts.
8. Why do Aboriginal people respect the land?
Aboriginal people respect the land because if they don’t the rainbow serpent will come out of hiding and punish those who have broken her laws (her laws being to respect rocks and trees, and the very earth itself.)
9. What is a common theme in Aboriginal stories?
A common theme in aboriginal stories is spirituality presence.
10. Choose one of the stories in this unit and summarise it in your own words.
Rainbow Serpent
Long ago in the Dreamtime there was a rainbow serpent, who was the mother of all things, was asleep in the centre of the earth.
One day the Rainbow Serpent awoke and began to form mountains and channels with her body. Rain filled the channels and made rivers and lakes. Where she didn’t travel to remained flat and turned to deserts.
The Rainbow Serpent then called on all the living creatures to populate the earth. These included birds, animals and human tribes. She told them to live in harmony with the land and if they didn’t she would punish them.
11. Discuss how Aboriginal people’s perspective of landforms would influence their use of the land. Present your ideas to the rest of the class.
1.1 questions
Name *
Barrow, Adam
1 Name the mountains at each of the following locations:
a 42˚16´S 145˚50´E
Frenchmans Cap
b 41˚47´S 146˚21´E
Mt Jerusalem
c 41˚41´S 145˚57´E
Cradle Mtn
d 42˚56´S 146˚25´E
Mt Anne
e 41˚24´S 147˚38´E.
Ben Nevis
2 Give the latitude and longitude (degrees and minutes) for each of the following:
a Hobart
42°50’S, 147°21’E
b Swansea
42°07'S, 148°04'E
c Stanley
40°46’S, 145°18’E
d Launceston
41º26'S, 147º07'E
e Port Arthur
43º09’S, 147º51’E
3 Complete the following:
a King Island is found between latitude 39˚35´S and _40º13’S______, and longitude 143˚51´E and 144º13’E_____.
b The Furneaux group of islands are located between _39˚40’S and __40˚37’S, and between _147˚45’E and _148˚32’E.
c The Freycinet Peninsula extends from _41˚55’____ S to 42˚20’_____ S on the _East____ coast of Tasmania.
4 Write the scale of the map in words.
The scale of the map is for every 1 cm on the map there is 25 kilometers.
5 Use the scale to calculate the straight-line distance between Hobart and each of the mountains identified in question 1.
Cradle Mountain – 162.5km
Mountain Ossa – 150km
Black Bluff – 187.5km
Mountain Barrow – 175km
Ben Nevis – 175km
Legges Tor – 150km
Stacks Bluff – 137.5km
Frenchmans Cap – 137.5km
Mountain Anne – 75km
Mountain Picton – 62.5km
Federation Peak – 87.5km
Mountain Jerusalem – 135km
.1 Putting Australia on the Map
* Required
Name *
Surname First
1 What do the words Terra Australis mean?
A great land mass in the southern hemisphere
2 Who first used the word ‘Australia’ as the name for our country?
Matthew Flinders
3 Which two continents are entirely in the Southern Hemisphere?
Australia and Antarctica
4 Which continents are in the Eastern Hemisphere?
Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe
5 Which line separates the Northern and Southern hemispheres?
Equator
6 Name the lines of latitude with each of the following values:
a 23½˚S
Tropic of Capricorn
b 23½˚N
Tropic of Cancer
c 66½˚S
Antarctica Circle
d 66½˚N
Arctic Circle
7 The highest value for a line of latitude is 90˚. What is the highest value for a line of longitude?
180º
8 Fill in the blanks with latitude or longitude:
a Lines of _longitude_______ are parallel.
b Lines of __longitude______ are all the same length.
c The Equator is a line of __symmetry ______.
d Lines of _longitude______ meet at the poles.
e The Prime Meridian is a line of _180º_______.
9 Name and locate Australia’s nearest neighbours
Papua New Guinea and New Zealand.
10 Which sea separates Australia and New Zealand
Tasman Sea?
11 Refer to 1.3:
a Estimate the latitude and longitude of each of the following:
i Los Angeles
35ºN , 115ºW
ii Buenos Aires
35ºS, 60ºW
iii Singapore
5ºN, 105ºE
iv Alice Springs
22.5ºS, 135ºE
v Perth
35ºS, 115ºE
b Which countries are located at the following:
i 30˚N 120˚E
China
ii 60˚N 120˚W
Canada
ii 60˚S 120˚W
Antarctica
iv 10˚S 60˚W
Brazil
12 Use your atlas (or Google Earth/Maps) for the following activities:
a Name three countries on the Equator.
Indonesia, Brazil, Colombia
b Name three countries on the Prime Meridian.
England, France, Spain
c Name two countries with the same longitude as New South Wales.
Russia, Papua New Guinea
d Which island nation in the Pacific is nearest to Australia?
Papua New Guinea
e What is the distance from the south coast of Tasmania to Antarctica?
3443 km
f What is the nearest country in South America to Australia?
Ecuador
g What is the nearest country in Africa to Australia? *
Madagascar
Monday, February 14, 2011
Advantages and Disadvantages of Australia's Large Coastline
- Australia controls more land.
- They can use the marine resources of the extra space.
- They have a larger variety of aquatic species.
- Have more notice if some thing is coming to Australia's mainland e.g. asylum seekers.
- More control on area.
Disadvantages
- More animals to maintain.
- The EEZ is very far away.
- Responsible for area and if things go wrong they can be blamed e.g. over whaling by Japanese.
- Resources need to be maintained.
- More money to be spent on upkeep of EEZ.
Sunday, February 13, 2011
Vocabulary
batholith: a volcanic formation caused bymagma welling up and solidifying before it reaches the surface.
catchment: an area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Dreamtime: the time in Aboriginal belief systems when all living things and the environment were created.
epicormic: a shoot from a dormant bud.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): the area 200 nautical miles from the coastline over which a country has control of the resources.
geomorphologist: a geographer who studies the formation of landforms.
hemisphere: half of the Earth (the Northern and Southern hemispheres are divided by the Equator, the Eastern and Western hemispheres are divided by the Prime Meridian).
isobar: lines on a synoptic chart that join places of equal air pressure
latitude: the distance north or south of the Equator measured in degrees
lignotubers: starchy swellings that contain dormant buds
longitude: the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees
lunette: a crescent-shaped dune composed of sand and clay sediments
mallee: a vegetation community found in Australia’s semi-arid zone
metamorphic: a type of rock changed by great heat and pressure
sclerophyll: a plant with thick leathery leaves
sedimentary: a type of rock formed from sediments that was laid down in layers and then compressed
tectonic forces: movements causing deformation of the Earth’s crust
watershed: the dividing line between catchments
xerophyte: a type of plant adapted to drought
population density: how many people per square kilometre.
continental drift:
convection currents:
glaciation: to cover or become covered with glaciers or masses of ice
Central Lowlands: a physical feature in Australia that is located in QLD, NSW and VIC. It is low laying.
Eastern Highlands: a physical feature in Australia that is located in QLD, NSW, ACT and VIC. It is along the east coast and is a mountainous region.
Western Plateau: a physical feature in Australia that is located in WA, NT and SA. It is a flat region and is in the Western regions of Australia.
El Nino:
La Nina: A cooling of the surface water of the eastern and central PacificOcean, occurring somewhat less frequently than El Niño events butcausing similar, generally opposite disruptions to global weatherpatterns.
eucalyptus: any of numerous often tall trees belonging to the genus Eucalyptus, of the myrtle family, native to australia, having aromatic evergreen leaves that are the source ofmedicinal oils and heavy wood used as timber.
biodiversity: diversity among and within plant and animal species in anenvironment.
fauna: the animals of a given region or period considered as awhole.
flora: the plants of a particular region or period, listed by speciesand considered as a whole.
montremes: an egg laying mammal.
cresent-shaped dunes: sand dunes in the shape of cresents.
diprotodon: a large extinct marsupial unique to Australia.
megafauna: auna of a region or period that comprises the larger terrestrial animals.
thylacine: a wolflike marsupial
epheremals: plants that complete their life cycle very quickly when the rain comes, and leave large quantities of seeds lying dormant until the next rain.
epicormic: Growing from a dormant or adventitious bud
transpiration: the passage of water through a plant from the roots
acidification: to turn something into acid
aquaculture: the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants
non-renewable: unable to restore or replenish
salinity: of, containing, or resembling common table salt; salty orsaltlike
silviculture: he cultivation of forest trees; forestry
sustainable: to support, hold, or bear up from below; bear the weight of,as a structure
World Heritage: resources of great significance on a national and global scale
catchment: an area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Dreamtime: the time in Aboriginal belief systems when all living things and the environment were created.
epicormic: a shoot from a dormant bud.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): the area 200 nautical miles from the coastline over which a country has control of the resources.
geomorphologist: a geographer who studies the formation of landforms.
hemisphere: half of the Earth (the Northern and Southern hemispheres are divided by the Equator, the Eastern and Western hemispheres are divided by the Prime Meridian).
isobar: lines on a synoptic chart that join places of equal air pressure
latitude: the distance north or south of the Equator measured in degrees
lignotubers: starchy swellings that contain dormant buds
longitude: the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees
lunette: a crescent-shaped dune composed of sand and clay sediments
mallee: a vegetation community found in Australia’s semi-arid zone
metamorphic: a type of rock changed by great heat and pressure
sclerophyll: a plant with thick leathery leaves
sedimentary: a type of rock formed from sediments that was laid down in layers and then compressed
tectonic forces: movements causing deformation of the Earth’s crust
watershed: the dividing line between catchments
xerophyte: a type of plant adapted to drought
population density: how many people per square kilometre.
continental drift:
t
he movement of the Earth’s continents in a process
convection currents:
currents in the Earth’s interior cause tectonic plates to move
glaciation: to cover or become covered with glaciers or masses of ice
Central Lowlands: a physical feature in Australia that is located in QLD, NSW and VIC. It is low laying.
Eastern Highlands: a physical feature in Australia that is located in QLD, NSW, ACT and VIC. It is along the east coast and is a mountainous region.
Western Plateau: a physical feature in Australia that is located in WA, NT and SA. It is a flat region and is in the Western regions of Australia.
El Nino:
The normal circulation pattern in the Pacific Ocean brings rain to Australia. In an El Niño year the circulation reverses and South America receives the rain while Australia remains dry.
La Nina: A cooling of the surface water of the eastern and central PacificOcean, occurring somewhat less frequently than El Niño events butcausing similar, generally opposite disruptions to global weatherpatterns.
eucalyptus: any of numerous often tall trees belonging to the genus Eucalyptus, of the myrtle family, native to australia, having aromatic evergreen leaves that are the source ofmedicinal oils and heavy wood used as timber.
biodiversity: diversity among and within plant and animal species in anenvironment.
fauna: the animals of a given region or period considered as awhole.
flora: the plants of a particular region or period, listed by speciesand considered as a whole.
montremes: an egg laying mammal.
cresent-shaped dunes: sand dunes in the shape of cresents.
diprotodon: a large extinct marsupial unique to Australia.
megafauna: auna of a region or period that comprises the larger terrestrial animals.
thylacine: a wolflike marsupial
epheremals: plants that complete their life cycle very quickly when the rain comes, and leave large quantities of seeds lying dormant until the next rain.
epicormic: Growing from a dormant or adventitious bud
transpiration: the passage of water through a plant from the roots
acidification: to turn something into acid
aquaculture: the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants
non-renewable: unable to restore or replenish
salinity: of, containing, or resembling common table salt; salty orsaltlike
silviculture: he cultivation of forest trees; forestry
sustainable: to support, hold, or bear up from below; bear the weight of,as a structure
World Heritage: resources of great significance on a national and global scale
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