2.2 Questions

1. Landslides involve the movement of a mass of rock or sections of the Earth's crust under the force of gravity.
2. Heavy rainfall, earthquake vibrations and undercutting of banks and cliffs from waves and rivers
3. Humans actions can cause landslides. Construction of roads and railways on hillsides along with building works can weaken hillsides and make them more vulnerable during heavy rainfall. Mining activities also contribute to the hazard.
4. The cause of earthquakes in Australia is intra-plate tension where movements occur along cracks and faults in the Earth’s crust. It is measured on the Richter scale.
5. The main cause of Earthquakes in Australia is the shifting of the tectonic plates in which Australia overlaps.
6. They experience a 5.5 on the Richter scale approximately every 15 months.
7. There were 13 people killed and 120 injured, also 35000 homes and 3000 other buildings were affected by the earthquake.
8. A landslide is above ground and a earthquake occurs under or just level with ground.
9. A tsunami is the movement of the ocean bottom displaces water on the surface, forming a huge wave which moves outwards in all directions from the centre of the disturbance.
10. Volcanoes, earthquakes and landslides can trigger tsunamis.
11. A tsunami is created by mass pressure begin released/expelled to/in the ocean and waves build up together to form one huge tsunami.
12. Shake - feeling an earthquake or that the ground is shaking
      Drop - the sea level will recede
      Roar - the sounds of a tsunami approaching
13. An earthquake that measure 9.3 on the Richter scale
14. There are 23 monitoring stations and it took 20 minutes to discover the tsunami.
15. The tsunami slow decreases in size until it is flat water but it still has all the momentum it had before leaving the water.
16. The United Nations created and developed a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.
17. Ted Bryant is a Wollongong University geoscience professor and issued the warning stating 'Sydney is to the Alpine fault as Sri Lanka is to the Boxing Day earthquake. The Alpine fault goes off about every 500 years. The last time was in the fifteenth century'
18. a) 10'N, 100'E
       b) i. 2 hours - India
           ii. 7 Hours - Africa
          iii. 5 Hours - Australia
          iv. 9 - 10 Hours - Tasmania